Stroop Lab Report Essays

Stroop Lab Report Essays Stroop Lab Report Paper Stroop Lab Report Paper The word Blue when presented in blue ink, on the other hand is an example of a congruent-colored word. Because the left hemisphere has demonstrated an overall advantage relative to the right hemisphere on most verbal tasks, interference effects were hypothesized to be greater in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere (Balancer Camino, 2002). Numerous studies have been made in hope to fully understand the Strop effect, yet several issues remain open. The primary purpose of this duty was to determine whether the Strop phenomenon is equally strong in both brain hemispheres. Participants collected from our research methods lab were asked to complete an online experiment measuring the time of interference it took them to depict the color of the ink of the color-words. Furthermore, each color was assigned a number. For example, the ink color red was represented by the number two. The color words were also randomly presented in the center, left, and right of the screen to measure our hypothesis, which stated that incongruent words presented to the left hemisphere exhibit greater Strop effect than when they are presented to the right hemisphere. Along with our second hypothesis stating that there is greater interference (Strop effect) when color words are incongruent with their presentation color. The Strop effect can be denoted through the time of interference that it takes to name the ink color of a word, varying in word position and word color. Several accounts have been made to explain the Strop effect. In Manacles model of the Strop there is a slight into that hemispheric effects might be present; in theory, hemispheric effects are expected to be superior in the left hemisphere. Methods Participants A total of 87 subjects (76 Female, 11 Male), drawn from students in two research method labs, took part in a mufti-experiment study and were given course credit as compensation. Independent variables that were tested include: L Congruent vs Non-congruent c Left-presentation vs Centered-presentation vs Right-presentation c Input method: Keypad (37 participants, lab 1) vs Keyboard (50 participants, lab 2) The pendent variable that was measured in the study was reaction time. Procedure Research participants were to complete at least 72 trials. Each trial measured the time of interference it took them to depict the color of the ink of the color-words. Furthermore, each color was assigned a number. For example, the ink color red was represented by the number two. Each trial began with a plus sign, serving as a focal point on the computer screen. Research participants were to press a key when they were ready for a word to be presented. Following the key press was random delay of about 1 to 4 seconds before the word appears. Words then appeared written vertically on the screen for a fixed time. Four color words were used: red, blue, green and yellow. Words were randomly printed in a word-color congruent form or non-congruent form appearing at any of three positions (left, center, and right).

The Definition of Mother Tongue Plus the Worlds Top 20

The Definition of Mother Tongue Plus the World's Top 20 The term mother tongue refers to a persons native language - that is, a language learned from birth. Also called a  first language, dominant language, home language, and native tongue  (although these terms are not  necessarily  synonymous).   Contemporary linguists and educators commonly use the term L1 to refer to a first or native language (the mother tongue) and the term L2 to refer to a second language or a foreign language thats being studied. Use of the Term Mother Tongue [T]he general usage of the term mother tongue...denotes not only the language one learns from ones mother, but also the speakers dominant and home language; i.e., not only the first language according to the time of acquisition, but the first with regard to its importance and the speakers ability to master its linguistic and communicative aspects. For example, if a language school advertises that all its teachers are native speakers of English, we would most likely complain if we later learned that although the teachers do have some vague childhood memories of the time when they talked to their mothers in English, they, however, grew up in some non-English-speaking country and are fluent in a second language only. Similarly, in translation theory, the claim that one should translate only into ones mother tongue is in fact a claim that one should only translate into ones first and dominant language. The vagueness of this term has led some researchers to claim...that different connotative meanings of the term mother tongue vary according to the intended usage of the word and that differences in understanding the term can have far-reaching and often political consequences. (Pokorn, N. Challenging the Traditional Axioms: Translation Into a Non-Mother Tongue. John Benjamins, 2005.) Culture and Mother Tongue It is the language community of the mother tongue, the language spoken in a region, which enables the process of enculturation, the growing of an individual into a particular system of linguistic perception of the world and participation in the centuries-old history of linguistic production. (Tulasiewicz, W. and A. Adams, What Is Mother Tongue? Teaching the Mother Tongue in a Multilingual Europe. Continuum, 2005.) Cultural power can...backfire when the choices of those who embrace Americanness in language, accent, dress, or choice of entertainment stir resentment in those who do not. Every time an Indian adopts an American accent and curbs his mother tongue influence, as the call centers label it, hoping to land a job, it seems more deviant, and frustrating, to have only an Indian accent.(Giridharadas, Anand. America Sees Little Return From Knockoff Power. The New York Times, June 4, 2010.) Myth and Ideology The notion of mother tongue is thus a mixture of myth and ideology. The family is not necessarily the place where languages are transmitted, and sometimes we observe breaks in transmission, often translated by a change of language, with children acquiring as first language the one that dominates in the milieu. This phenomenon...concerns all multilingual situations and most of the situations of migration.(Calvet, Louis Jean. Towards an Ecology of World Languages. Polity Press, 2006.) Top 20 Mother Tongues The mother tongue of more than three billion people is one of 20: Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, English, Hindi, Arabic, Portuguese, Bengali, Russian, Japanese, Javanese, German, Wu Chinese, Korean, French, Telugu, Marathi, Turkish, Tamil, Vietnamese, and Urdu. English is the lingua franca of the digital age, and those who use it as a second language may outnumber its native speakers by hundreds of millions. On every continent, people are forsaking their ancestral tongues for the dominant language of their region’s majority. Assimilation confers inarguable benefits, especially as internet use proliferates and rural youth gravitate to cities. But the loss of languages passed down for millennia, along with their unique arts and cosmologies, may have consequences that won’t be understood until it is too late to reverse them.(Thurman, Judith. A Loss for Words. The New Yorker, March 30, 2015.) A Lighter Side of the Mother Tongue Gibs friend: Forget her, I hear she only likes intellectuals.Gib: So? Im intellectual and stuff.Gibs friend: Youre flunking English. Thats your mother tongue and stuff.(The Sure Thing, 1985)

Environmental History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental History - Essay Example The major cause of air pollutant in urban areas is transportation. The continuous increase in the number of vehicles leads to an increase in the quantity of petroleum usage resulting to production of high quantity of fumes. Among the gases produced, carbon dioxide stands out as major environmental pollutant. The high concentration of CO2 has been mainly attributed to deforestation and burning of fossil fuels in the industries. Smog has been another notable form of air pollution in the history of environmental pollution. It may be defined as the fog which is generated when nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons undergo a photochemical reaction with the sunlight. This kind of pollution usually intensifies when abundant smoke particles are released into the atmosphere. During industrial revolution, a lot of smoke was produced leading to immense air pollution. So far, the worst kind of air pollution in the entire environmental history is the global warming. It may be described as the rise in the average temperature of the air on the oceans and on the surface near the earth. The rise in temperature has been observed from about 1950BC and is believed to be caused by human activity like deforestation and combustion of the fossil fuel. Its effects are devastating including changes in precipitation patterns, rise in sea level, glaciers retreat, and extinctions of species among others. To manage this menace, measures have stepped up to ensure that the concentration of the greenhouse gas is stabilized.

Technical Description of the Process of Sleep Essay

Technical Description of the Process of Sleep - Essay Example Other equipment used in support with EEG, is one that measures eye movements that is called electrooculogram or EOG. The Electromyogram (EMG) on the other hand measures the muscle tension under the chin of a subject. As stated in Sleep-Information about Sleep, the practice in studying sleep pattern is EEGs, EOGs, and EMGs are recorded simultaneously on a continuous moving chart paper. This then determines the activities of three aspects – the muscle activity, the brain activity, and eye movements. The NREM sleep and REM sleep occurs in a cyclic manner during sleep state (Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Biological Rhythms. They interchangeably happen to an individual during his sleep. Sleep starts with periods of NREM and then REM. NREM state has four different stages as determined by the frequency and amplitude (brain wave’s magnitude of periodic variation) of the brain activity. The first NREM stage is characterized by very light sleep. NREM Stage 2 has special brain waves called sleep spindles (burst of brain activity visible on an EEG) and K-complexes (brief high-voltage peak in EEG as defined by Wikipedia.org). Stage 3 and 4 of NREM is described by slow brain waves and in Stage 4 of NREM, it is hard to wake the person up. NREM stage 4 is deep sleep and cannot easily be awakened by external factors. During NREM, the muscle activity remains active and body function is the same with the waking state. The difference is that there is no eye movement.

Etiquette Essay Example for Free

Etiquette Essay Discuss the importance of business and dining etiquette for international/global business students for their career success. Etiquette is a kind of rules that apply to social communications, professional workplaces and other important areas. In today’s business environment, proper business etiquette is a kind of business skills, which makes us stand out from others and makes a good impression to others, enhance our opportunities to be success (Sheahan, K. , 2013, para. 1) Proper business etiquette can help us to make a good impression during our job interviews. In a business environment, interviewers are more likely to be attracted by the interviewees who show good professional skills. Using proper business etiquette when we participate in a job interview can make a good impression to the interviewer, this increases our opportunity to be hired. For an instant, an interviewee who attends an interview on time, with proper wear, bring a pen to be in case, make more eye contact and understand the proper time to be the turn to speak has more chances of impressing the interviewer than the interviewee who is late or always talking without listening. These interviewees act good etiquette can make interviewers believe they are respected, professional and serious. Good business etiquette can promote our careers in the future (Sheahan, K. , 2013, para. 3). There is no doubt that the networking is significant for today’s business success, and etiquette is one of the key ways to build good relationships with others, so that our personal network could be expanded positively. There are number of business etiquette rules we should follow during our daily business activities, such as hand shaking, eye contact, and listen to others. And also dining business is very common in today, business dining etiquette is a kind of common business etiquette. If we do not understand the dining etiquette we may easily hurt our business relationship, so follow the dining etiquette is as important as daily face-to-face business etiquette (Hickman, K. , 2011, p90).

America’s Broken Immigration System Essay -- equal rights, human rights

There has been lots of controversy on the issues concerning a solution to America’s broken immigration system. Democratic and republican parties can’t seem to agree with one another, leaving reform at a stand-still. Democrats are focused on giving illegal immigrants a path to citizenship while Republicans are focused on border security. The fact is both of these approaches should work in unison with each other to provide the most efficient route in fixing immigration. Providing a path to citizenship has been labeled as granting amnesty. In 1986, President Ronald Reagan introduced an amnesty plan similar to the one being proposed as a solution for America’s current immigration problems. The 1986 bill required immigrants to prove they were not guilty of crimes, enforced stricter employment laws, and only applied to those who were here before 1982. Unfortunately, this bill failed. Fraudulent documents circulated throughout the system and nearly 90% of the 1.3 million agricultural applications were approved even though fraud had been detected in nearly one third of the applications (Swarns). Because of this failure, Republicans are reluctant to vote for amnesty today. Today’s immigration reforms however, have a much better chance than they did twenty seven years ago. Technology improvements will allow officials to more closely monitor and filter the legitimate applications. Electronic computer systems such as E-Verify will be put in p lace to help employers confirm legal status. E-Verify is an online program that compares mandatory I-9 work forms to the records of those that the Department of Homeland Security and Social Security have on the employees (â€Å"What is E-Verify?†). The program will provide employers with instant, secure, an... ...08 Dec. 2013. Matthews, David. "How To Prevent Businesses from Hiring Illegal Immigrants." The Washington Post, 30 Jan. 2013. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. O'Keefe, Ed. "A Narrow Border-security Agreement Could Pave the Way for Broad Immigration Reform." Washington Post. Washington Post, 29 July 2013. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. "Outline of the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013." Scribd. Scribd, n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2013. Press, Associated. "Senate Immigration Plan Would Stiffen Border Security, Increase Surveillance." Fox News. FOX News Network, 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2013. Swarns, Rachel L. "Failed Amnesty Legislation of 1986 Haunts the Current Immigration Bills in Congress." The New York Times. The New York Times, 23 May 2006. Web. 08 Dec. 2013. "What Is E-Verify?" Homepage. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2013.

Ethics Munson’s 5 Ethical Theories Essay

Ethics is a branch if philosophy that deal with ideas about what is morally good and bad. Ethics act as tools, giving us guidance when we need to make important decisions in personal and professional situations. There are biblical inferences that can relate to most if not all situations that we come across in our daily lives. God will not put us in any situations that we cannot be triumphant in. If the Bible is an absolute in all of these theories, so is Jesus Christ. The first ethical theory is Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that describes how the moral value or worth of an action is determined by how much benefit is gained from that action. It is measured by not only the amount of benefit gained but also the amount of people with benefits in the process. This theory hopes to provide guidance when choosing a course of action. Utilitarianism is divided into two groups based off of how they apply the theory. A Rule Utilitarian believes that the action is right if it results in happiness of great benefit (Munson, 2009). For example, the commandment, â€Å"thou shall not kill† is very straight forward and doesn’t leave room for interpretation. Someone who follows Rule Utilitarianism would strictly follow this rule by never committing murder or killing any living creature. An Act Utilitarian would decipher the commandment according to its greatest benefit. Act utilitarianism is the belief that an action is right if it is better than all of the other options as long as it yields the best results. In other words, there may be situations in which breaking the rules may be the best option. Breaking the commandment, â€Å" thou shall not kill† may seem wrong when looking at it from the surface, but if it is done to save the life’s of others it may yield the best result. The absolute that applies to Utilitarianism is the Bible. 2 Corinthians 9:7 says, â€Å"Each one must give as he has decided in his heart; not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.† This theory is about the best benefit and focuses on the amount of benefit as well as the amount of people it benefits. In order to achieve this, the reason for giving cannot be selfishly or self- motivated. Immanuel Kant’s deontological theory is the complet ely opposite of Utilitarianism. Kantian Ethics believes that right and wrong are not depended on their consequences but on whether the duty or task at hand is fulfilled. Kant theory is also reliant on the view that humans, unlike any  other creature, have the capacity to rationalize. He believes that a person’s feelings and inclinations should not play any part in motivating a chosen action. This theory does not work well in the field of healthcare. Feelings and inclinations are a necessity when working with human beings. Healthcare workers are not reading step by step instructions as if they are putting a car together, but instead are caring for a patient whose case is different and patient specific. Patients cannot be treated like a checklist. Although this theory eliminated any of the categories under the Bible: commandments, guidelines, inferences, and convictions; completion is a big topic in the Bible. God completed the creation of the world in six days, and rested on the seventh. Jesus Christ rose from the dead on the third day. In John 17:4, Jesus said to them, â€Å"My food is to do the will of Him who sent Me and to accomplish His work.† W.D. Ross believed that there was not one rule or principle that one must abide by. Instead he believed that we can progress through moral duties. Ross proposed that we have self-evident prima facie moral duties and that there are some things have intrinsic value (Ross, 2002). He believed we have the duty of fidelity or the duty to keep our promises, the duty of reparation or the duty to pay for harm done to others, the duty of gratitude or the duty to return favors, the duty of beneficence or the duty to maximize the good, and the duty of non-injury or the duty to refuse harm to others (Ross, 2002). For example, it is generally wrong to kill a person because it causes pain and is one of the 10 commandments. In order for it not to be wrong to kill, a person must have an overriding reason to do it such as saving the lives of others. Ross’s belief in overriding reason is very similar to that Act Utilitarianism. The Bible is an absolute in this theory as well. Ross puts emphasis on the duties we must uphold. The Bible lays out many duties given to Christians. One of the most popular lists is the Ten Commandments. Virtue Ethics is the approach that deemphasizes rules and duty, focusing on a person’s character (Munson, 2009). Character is an impor tant focus when choosing employees in the Healthcare field. I have worked in many healthcare areas and have worked with many people who truly were not in the field for the right reasons. Passion is a necessity when working with human beings. There are many workers who lack this characteristic and are simply in the field for monetary benefit. Although it may be impossible to completely rid the  healthcare field of â€Å"bad seeds,† providing an overflow of kindhearted, loving employees would definitely help. The Bible is an absolute in this ethical approach. Matthew 12:35 says, â€Å"The good person out of his good treasure bring forth good, and the evil person out of his evil treasure brings forth evil.† As a Christian we must make sure we are living our lives in God’s image. We are walking billboards for Christ and need to make sure that we act accordingly. As a Christian, this walk will definitely be hard and there will be many temptations along the way but our character will help us to choose the right path. Care Ethics argues that some duties cannot be justified by theories of right, justice, and utility (Velasquez, 2002). Care ethics believe that the most important factor is the concrete relationship with a person or persons (Velasquez, 2002). This theory is very evident in the healthcare fiel d and I find this theory most appealing. I have worked in the healthcare field for most of my career and realize that it is my duty to take care of and provide for each patient I serve. Through experience, I also realize that there are certain patients that I have been drawn to, and that I feel closer to. At my last job, I worked on the spinal cord injury unit. Most of my patients were fully depended on what I did for them. The interaction could be awkward as I was performing tasks such as showers, bowel programs, and diaper changes. I felt it my duty to make them feel comfortable and to let them know that I care. For a lot of my patients, I was the only family they had. No one ever came to visit them so our conversation was something to look forward to. As I worked with a patient every day, special bonds were formed. We celebrated any and all progress made. Whether it is something as small as moving a pinky for the first time or taking a first step after, everything should be celebrated. Both Jesus Christ and the Bible are absolutes in this theory. This job has also taught me to be more appreciative of the things I do have. It has taught me to stop complaining about little things. Most of my patients lived regular lives just as I do, and in an instance it was taken away from them. Most people unknowingly take things for granted such as being able to walk, talk, brush your teeth, and clothe yourself. Instead, we feel that the things are owed to us and that we are deserving of these things. The Bible and Jesus Christ are definitely absolutes in this theory. We as Christians yearn for a strong, deeper relationship with God and the best way to attain this is by  studying the word of God daily. Proverbs 8:17 says, â€Å"I Love those who love me; And those who diligently seek me will find me.† References Holy Bible Kant, I. (1785) â€Å"First Section: Transition from the Common Rational Knowledge of Morals to the Philosophical.† Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. Munson, R. (2009). Intervention and Reflection: Basic issues of bioethics (9th ed.). Ross, W.D., (2002). The Right and the Good. Edited, with an Introduction, by Philip Stratton- Lake. New York: Oxford University Press: rpt. of original 1930 edition. Velasquez, M.G., (2002). Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.