Cap Nnaf Essay Example for Free

Cap Nnaf Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Mr. Raghunath was happy that Rahul showed keen interest in his business but was worried about Ram who would always spend time with computers. He felt that if the interest of the two sons be put together they could start a flourishing business of their own. The boom in the IT industry made him find ways to satisfy his son’s dream. After college, the twins were drifting apart due to varied interest. Mr. Raghunath decided that this is the time for him to intervene and make decisions for his sons. He decided to start a computer business for his sons. He asked Rahul, a commerce graduate to draw up a proposal for the same. Rahul came out with the following ideas: The area they lived on ad run shop consisted of middle income group families and many of them did not possess computers at home Their shop could provide the following services: * Computer classes for various age groups. * Computer using facilities on payment per hourly basis and printing of documents from computers. * Internet access facility at the prevailing market rates by entering into contract with AIRTEL. * Computer games corer for children Rajiv jumped at the idea and they made up a common proposal. Rajiv wanted that they purchase 10 computers and start with first two areas of operation and expand when things go well. The shop they had at the market place was a single storey building. Their father offered to build the first floor and give it to them for their business. He spent `5,00,000 on construction of the facility and gave them `5,00,000 for the business. The sons went to bank and put up their proposal and managed to get a loan to the extent of 75% of the cost of computers ` 4,00,000 with printers. As the bank manager was aware of the credit worthiness of Mr. Raghunath, he advanced loan of `3,00,000. Total amount to be repaid will be `3,60,000 including interest in three annual installments as follows: * End of the first year = ` 1,30,000 * End of the 2nd year = ` 1,20,000 * End of the 3rd year = ` 1,10,000 (Where ` 1, 00,000 is the principal repayment) They started business on 1st April 2010. Rahul decided to deposit ` 4, 40,000 in the bank. He gave ` 1, 00,000 to computer company as 25% of the value of computers purchased and ` 3, 00,000 out of bank loan availed. He deposited ` 20,000 for electrical connection with the Electricity Board. He paid deposit of ` 1, 00,000 with AIRTEL for Internet connection. He used the telephone connection of the shop as there were two connections at the shop. The brothers got the computer cafe furnished by paying ` 50,000. Rahul got pamphlets printed and distributed at the cost of ` 4,500 in the surrounding colonies. All payments were to be made by cheques. All the receipts were in cash to be deposited in the bank on the same day. The students on the average paid a monthly fee of ` 500 for the three months computer evening classes. There were a number of internet subscribers and receipts on account of internet facility was ` 10,000 a month in the first quarter on an average. They decided to buy and sell computer stationery also like floppy, discs, CDs etc. At the end of the financial year, their results showed the following: | `| Total revenue including sale of computer stationery| 4,98,000| Purchase of computer stationery| 55,000| Electricity charges yet to be paid| 1,24,000| Telephone charges| 34,000| Petty expenses| 12,000| Entertainment expenses| 10,000| Maintenance expenses| 10,000| There was a helper at their father’s shop, who agreed to clean up the computer cafe and fetched water to various visitors. For the additional services, he was paid ` 500 per month. They withdrew `. 3, 000 by cheque each month for their personal expenses. They paid bank loan regularly. The father was pleased at their son’s efficiency. He wanted to expand business. Mean while Rahul received the pass book statement (for the end of March 2011) which showed the transactions as follows: Particulars| Deposit| Withdrawal | Balance `| Balance as on 1 march 2011| | | 4,76,500 CR| Fees remitted direct into business account. | 50,000| | 5,26,500 CR| Bank charges| | 500| 5,26,000 CR| Withdrawal by cheque no†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| | 6,000| 5,20,000 CR| Payment by cheque no†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | | 6,000| 5,14,000 CR| Interest credited| 2,000| | 5,16,000 CR| Balance as on 31 march 2011| | | 5,16,000 (CR)| 1. Analyze the transactions and explain the rules applied as per double entry system of bookkeeping. 2. Journalize the above transactions. Post them into the ledgers and prepare trial balance. 3. Prepare Bank Reconciliation Statement and make necessary adjustment in the books of account. 4. Prepare Profit and Loss account and Balance Sheet. 5. Charge depreciation @25% on computers, @10% on furniture, 5% on buildings. 6. Paisa can be rounded off. 7. What are the basic assumptions and concepts applied by Rahul while preparing the above statements? 8. Calculate profitability ratios. 9. They approached bank for further loan. Compute the ratios the banker will require before granting the loan. 10. Comment on the efficiency of the business if the net profit and gross profit in similar type of business concerns are 20% and 50% respectively. —————————————— Cap Nnaf. (2018, Oct 17).

Summary Module 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary Module 4 - Essay Example In particular, the council rejected the idea that the newborn children should not be baptized because they have no sin. The Council defended the idea that the fall of Adam and Eve led to the fact that even newborn children are sinful because they belong to the human race. For this reason, the baptism of children is considered as a mandatory procedure, which allows the child to cleanse the soul from sin. Overall, the emphasis was placed on the idea that man is a sinful creature and the one who denies this idea cannot be considered a Christian. Even the righteous person living in compliance with Gods commandments must realize that only God has no sin. In turn, in the chapter entitled Of Predestination (the book Summa Theologiae), Thomas Aquinas considers predestination. By analyzing the various arguments on this issue, the theologian comes to several conclusions that are extremely important in the framework of the Christian

Breathing underwater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Breathing underwater - Essay Example He had it all – a rich family, plenty of money, a good school and classmates and his beautiful girlfriend Caitlin. He was also popular for being one of the top athletes and students of his school. The author Alexandra Flinn, had undertaken extensive research on the topic of batterers by taking into consideration the different counseling and anger control programs given for such people. The author had always been working with victims of domestic violence and the perpetrators of such crimes. From a literary standpoint, she took the liberty of presenting this incredibly touching story from the viewpoint of the abuser. Alexandra Flinn focuses on the theme of violence within the framework of a love relationship shared between two teenagers, Nick and Caitlin. As the story unfolds, the author vividly explains how love had turned to violence which finally snuffed out a beautiful relationship. She also gives us a clear picture how each made use of the other to get what they needed for the moment. Nick came from an affluent family but did not experience a mother’s love. Moreover, he had a father who was violent and was never there when Nick needed him most. Therefore, Nick craved for love and affection and someone to listen to his hopes and fears. This need was satisfied in the form of his girlfriend Caitlin whom he loved a lot. Caitlin too loved Nick but at the same time got whatever she wanted from him. Though she catered to his whims and fancies, she stood her ground whenever the need arose. As time passed, Nick gradually started acting jealous and displaying violent behavior. He badly needed to release the pressure he faced with his father on the home front and uses Caitlin in an abusive manner to get rid of his pent up feelings. The novel opens with a court scene where his girlfriend Caitlin is seen testifying against him for slapping her. Nick had loved Caitlin for she was smart and beautiful and she loved Nick too. But all that changed after she

Prevention to Threats and Attacks on Computer Network Assignment

Prevention to Threats and Attacks on Computer Network - Assignment Example An IDS based signature monitors the network for packets and compares them against signatures or known threats in the database. Tremendous increase of services and information that is sensitive on networks has made security very important. However, the more network technologies have developed, the more network attacks have increased in severity and numbers. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) can effectively provide network security by preventing, detecting, and possibly fighting attacks. Such systems monitor sources of activities while employing various security techniques. Therefore, they ought to be precise in quickly defining attacks, in training and generating very few positives. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) monitor networks for intrusions or attacks, reporting them to the administrator for necessary activity. A NIDS server that is large enough may be created on a backbone of network, to check and asses all traffic; or other smaller systems may be created to check or asses traffic for a specific server, gateway, switch, or router. The computing environment is constantly evolving and this demands Intrusion detection products to aid in managing attacks in this changing environment. Threats can be individuals or groups that wish to compromise a computer system such as disgruntled employees, rival companies or even foreign governments and their attacks can be devastating on the network systems. Intrusion attacks are those where an attacker enters ones network to read, damage, and/or steal data (Albitz 1992). These attacks can be divided into two: Port scans: A scanner is a program that probes a system remotely to establish which TCP/UPD ports are open and if they are subject to attacks. It identifies a computer at risk within the network, find the services that are installed on the computer, and show weaknesses in operation (Hudson KURT and Stewart Michael.

Comparing Income Statements From Different Industries Essay

Comparing Income Statements From Different Industries - Essay Example erent companies include different factors in their income statements, but on a general node there is basic information and format expressing company’s financial status for a particular business year. There are three major sections of an income statement, one describing incomes, second is cost of goods (expenses) and third projecting depreciations, taxes and interests. Here is a view of income statements taken from four different companies which operate in four different sectors: For the fiscal year 2010-2011, Ford Motors Company progressed to quite a great extent from the year 2009-2010. The income statement projected that the company had 17% gross profit margin out of the total revenue at the end of the business year 2011. Even having intensive liabilities, the company generated more profits with respect to the previous fiscal year (Ford Motor Company, 2012). With 514 stores operating in five different States, Winn-Dixie at the end of year 2010-2011 projected gross profit margin $28.9 million which was unexpectedly less than the fiscal year 2010. The gross profit margin of the company for 2011 was 27 % of the total revenue slightly less than the year 2010, which showed natural sales decrease within entire market segment. For the fiscal year 2010-2011, Johnson and Johnson a leading pharmaceutical company showed potential revenue and profit margins. The company projected net profit margins of 15% with gross profits of 64 % of the total revenue in its annual income statement 2011 (Bloomberg, 2012). According to company’s annual report 2011, Lenovo group expresses the gross profit margin 11% of total revenue. It is one of the leading companies in the technology sector which generates conventional profits in the technology market segment (Buffett & Clark, 2008). By comparing the income statements of all four companies, it can be said that companies differ to a great extent in respect of product and services they offer. An automobile company is totally

Importance of Technology in Education Research Paper

Importance of Technology in Education - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that access to technology opportunities and devices assists in learning factors of time and place that make mobile learning as an important tool for lifelong knowledge. Education by using technology allow for the use of electronic devices, desktop and smartphones that assist in developing education both for teachers and for students. Technological education provides access to a large broad of selected research in technology and structures organized by technology. Students and technology organize relevant resources that perceive various developments and research for the various completion topics learned using technology in education.As the report discusses wide educational spectrum increases attention by policy makers in making technological education relevant in various aspects. Traditional roles open opportunity for education and learners for quality teaching by allowing the use of technology to assist in developing education standards. Professors in universities and colleges promote the use of technology into various train individuals such as public accountants, armed forces, physicians, and nurses because technology gives them as an easy time to comprehend various aspects of education. Students have various excitements concerning internet technology as subsided to considerable extents.  The role of education based on education promotes curriculum development as an instructional delivery system for students.

Strong debate about the advantages and disadvantages of fair-value Assignment

Strong debate about the advantages and disadvantages of fair-value accounting - Assignment Example These are the estimates that they would get if they were to sell the financial instruments in this case assets and liabilities. The companies report profits or losses when the value of their assets increase or their liabilities decreases. The losses decrease the value of the net income and hence the reported equity also reduces. Fair values have played a crucial role in United States for more than half a century. The standards of accounting that allow or otherwise require fair value reporting have increased in a big way over the recent years. In 2006, a controversial and important new standard of accounting was announced by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) no. 157, which provides a more detailed guidance in assisting firms in the use of fair values. The applicability of this has in recent years been put into test by market conditions which were extreme. Fair value was used as early as the late nineteenth century where it was common for organizations to use appraised values in quantifying their capital assets. In other words it was the value that would be realized by their sale in the market. This exit value was also believed by the economists, to be the most appropriate in construction of financial statements. (See, among others, Diewert, 2005). However, the abuse of this accounting standard by managers eventually led to the enactment of more accounting standards that were more formal by the accounting profession. This led to the emergence of historical cost as the dominant standard for reporting the financial instruments; assets and liabilities. Despite this, fair value remained a preferred concept by many theorists in the field (Magnan, 2009, p. 191). For example, Staubus (1961) and Sterling (1970) argue in support of fair values in financial reporting (p 192), which is the realizable value of the financial instrument. The exit value in accounting was used as a default option when accounting for some assets, however, it re-entered the