LAW OF EQUITY & TRUSTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

LAW OF EQUITY & TRUSTS - Essay Example The legal and equitable estates had not been divided prior to the making of the security agreement.† 2 This qualifies the applicability of the requirement established in the law. Moreover it has been contended that The underlying policy was to :- a. prevent fraud by prohibiting oral hidden transfers of equitable interests under trusts and b. assist trustees by enabling them to identify the whereabouts of the equitable interest subsisting under a trust. 3 This indicates that even civil interactions among citizens state policy is to prevent prejudice, injury and fraud. That is made manifest by the measures embodied in law. It is the policy of the state that even in private transaction rights of citizens is upheld and propensity for the travesty against rights is extensively limited. Lord Radcliffe in Grey v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1960] AC 1 did suggest that ‘there is warrant for saying that a direction to his trustee by the equitable owner of trust property prescribing new trusts of that property was a declaration of trust’, but even if that were the case, his Lordship observed that the direction might nevertheless be a disposition falling within s. 53(1)(c) (and thus in need of written form) if ‘the effect of it was to determine completely or pro tanto the subsisting equitable interest of the maker of the direction’.4 This implies that as the controlling doctrine provides that the meaning of the provision is clear. Written proof is necessary to establish a transfer of equitable interest. Moreover, this is the case, even if there already is a relationship wherein the transfer has been had. Absence of written proof or documentation to this effect shall be construed as the absence of a valid and legal transfer. As to whether the direction to the bank had been void for lack of written formality, the House of Lords held that s. 53(1)(c) only applied to cases where the equitable interest in

Evidential Markers in English The Word Apparently Assignment

Evidential Markers in English The Word Apparently - Assignment Example The word apparently is representative of an act of cognition because it demonstrates the speaker’s state of mind and conveys what he or she thinks, believes or even guesses based on information received or observed indirectly. As Briton (1996) explains, words demonstrating an act of cognition are generally associated with a mental construction of â€Å"evidential markers from verbs of cognition† which are â€Å"analogous to the development of hearsay, sensory, and inferential evidential from verbs of perception† which mean â€Å"hear, see, and feel† (p. 243). Therefore the word apparently is a construction of information observed by the speaker. The speaker is not conveying infinitive information, but rather an information that is not only indirect but open to challenge. From a cognition perspective, there is always the possibility that the speaker is misinformed or has erroneously interpreted information observed or overheard. The mode of knowing is obvious in the use of the word apparently. Implicitly, the speaker is not conveying direct knowledge of a fact but rather an inference is drawn from information. The use of the word apparently is demonstrative of the speaker’s unwillingness to commit to a definitive conclusion but rather a willingness to offer an interpretation or perception of the information received or observed (Brinton, 1996). The speaker limits the information to an inferential form and is thus manifesting a degree of uncertainty by using the word apparently and failing to assert unequivocally that the information observed or received can be conclusively stated. Faller (2002) describes what is known as the reportative marker. The reportative marker is relevant to the word apparently because it offers a contradictory stance on the part of the speaker.  

Juvenile Justice Process and Correction Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Justice Process and Correction Essay Xander L. is a young man with a rough start in life, who is a known gang member, and has been in and out of the juvenile court system on numerous occasions. The 17-year-old young man has been involved in various crimes, such as purse snatching, breaking and entering, and drug possession. The juvenile offender previously served one year in a juvenile correctional facility as well as probation on several occasions. The juvenile offender also pled guilty in a court of law, regarding his possession of a concealed weapon. The case study discussed the scenario of which the individual is a repeat offender, committing crime after crime, after he has received numerous opportunities to correct his behavior. However, the case study does not reflect the steps the offender followed after he was arrested for the crimes committed. Once the offender entered the juvenile-justice system through the arrest, he will go through the intake process, detention, adjudication, disposition, and aftercare (Norris Callahan, 2012). In the state of Illinois, the intake process involves the prosecutor, or the court deciding whether to file the case in the juvenile court. The prosecution will review factors, such as the evidence of the offense, the seriousness of the offense, the previous criminal and court history of the offender, and the success rate of the rehabilitation tactics with the juvenile (Norris Callahan, 2012). Furthermore, during the intake process the prosecution may determine to handle the case as a formal or informal hearing, depending on the crime committed. The informal disposition would involve the juvenile agreeing to certain terms and conditions for a specific period of time. In addition to the verbal acknowledgement, the youth will sign a written agreement and a parole officer will monitor the juvenile offenders compliance of the agreed conditions, such as curfew, school, or community service (Norris Callahan, 2012). However, based on the scenario involving Xander L, the prosecution decided upon the formal disposition because of the type of crimes committed by the juvenile offender. The formal disposition involves the possibility of detention for the young offender. The individual may be detained at a secured facility if it is determined in the best interest of the juvenile or the community (Norris Callahan, 2012). The detention of the offender may result in his or her adjudication or rather the request made by the prosecutor to waive the case to an adult criminal court. When the prosecutor request that the criminal case is waived to the adult court system, the court will make the decision based on several factors. The court will consider whether the juvenile offender may be helped by rehabilitative treatment through the juvenile court, previous adjudication tactics with unsuccessful results, or the crime committed is too severe for the juvenile court to have precedence over (Norris Callahan, 2 012). In the case study involving Xander L, the previous crimes committed by the juvenile offender did not persuade the judge to waive the case to the adult criminal court. Therefore, the court has decided to maintain its jurisdiction over the individual, and determine whether the offender should be adjudicated as a delinquent. In the state of Illinois, if the youth is adjudicated as a delinquent, the disposition hearing will follow (Norris Callahan, 2012). During the disposition hearing the court will consider probation recommendations as well as the prosecutor, and juvenile presenting their agreement to the judge for his or her consideration. The sentencing or disposition plan may involve requirements, such as counseling, detention center confinement, community service, or restitution (Norris Callahan, 2012). In some states, the judge may also order the youth to a juvenile correctional facility for rehabilitation. However, if the juvenile offender is placed in a correctional facility, aftercare will be mandatory after the release. In the state of Illinois, for example, the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice is mandated to provide post-released treatment programs for juveniles committed to the department. The programs include mental health services, educational services, substance abuse services, and referral services to any other state or local agencies (Saddler, 2012). The corrections plan involving a letter to a judge regarding sentencing for a non-violent offense, would involve asking the judge to be lenient when sentencing the defendant because he is in the process of completing his general equivalency diploma, and by sentencing my client to a more severe punishment will only deter the individual from completing his goal. I am available to discuss any recommendations for my client, and I can be reached on my cell phone or email address regarding the opportunity. In conclusion, the case study involves the juvenile offender committing numerous crimes, serving a previous sentence in a juvenile correctional facility, and having a concealed weapon in his possession. Ultimately, falling on the mercy of the juvenile court not to have his case waived to an adult criminal court.

The Principle Of Duality States Computer Science Essay

The Principle Of Duality States Computer Science Essay To simplify a SOP for a Boolean expression using a K map, first identify all the input combinations that produce an output of logic level 1 and place them in their appropriate K map cell. Consequently, all other cells must contain zero (0). Second, group the adjacent cells that contain 1 in a manner that maximizes the size of the groups but also minimizes the total number of groups. All 1s in the output must be included in a group even if the group is only one cell. Third, as each SOP term represents an AND expression, each (AND) grouping is written with only the input variables that are common to the group. Finally, the simplified expression is formed by ORing each of the (AND) groups. To illustrate let us consider the function X =ABC+ABC+ABC whose truth table and K map are illustrated below: Truth table specifications for a logic function may not to include all possible combinations of the input binary digits for the input variables, yet they may still be complete specifications of the logic function for the prescribed application. In these situations certain input combinations will not occur due to the nature of the application. When the input combinations are irrelevant or cannot occur, the output states are in the Truth table and the K map are filled with an X and are referred to as dont care states. When simplifying K maps with dont care states, the contents of the undefined cells (1 or 0) are chosen according to preference. The aim is to enlarge group sizes thereby eliminating as many input variables from the simplified expression as possible. Only those Xs that assist in simplifying the function should be included in the groupings. No additional Xs should be added that would result in additional terms in the expression. THE TABULATION METHOD The K-map method is convenient as long as the number of variables does not exceed five or six, but when the number increases it becomes difficult to use this method. The tabulation method overcomes this difficulty, besides it is suitable for computer mechanisation. It was first formulated by Quine and later improved by McCluskey. It is also known as the Quine-McCluskey method. The tabular method of simplification consits of two parts: Determination of Prime Implicants. Selection of Essential Prime Implicants. The first part is covered in the software provided, the second part is not. Each minterm and its combined cells are included in the Minterm record, and linked lists techniques are used. Linked lists are the best way to manage unknown amount of data at run time instead of using a large array which is a waste of memory. The record used is: Pminterm = ^Minterm; Minterm = Record Number : Word; {This is to hold the decimal equivalent of the minterm} NumberOfOnes : Byte; {This is to hold the no. of 1s in the field Number} Selected : Boolean; {used as a tick when this term is selected} CellStr : String; { a string to hold all minterms that form a cell with this term } DashPlaceStr : String {a string to hold the place of the dash } Next : Pminterm { a pointer to the next record to form a linked list} End; The software procedure summarise as follows: The user enters the minterms in decimal equivalent. The program sorts minterms in the number of ones included in the binary equivalent (SortMinTerms). Any two minterms that differ from each other by only one variable are combined (done in FirstTabulation procedure), two minterms fit into this category if the number in the lower group is greater than that in the upper one, and the two numbers differ by a power of 2 e.g. ( 2d = 0010b and 10d = 1010b the difference is 8d which is a power of 2). Then the two numbers are copied to the second linked list ( First, Second, Vertex : Pminterm;). This procedure is carried for all the minterms. Matching groups are copied to second linked list while first one deleted. Then a second tabulation is carried in the SecondTabulation procedure, here each cell contained in the CellStr field of the Minterm record are compared together, a matching is found if the numbers in one cell are greater than the other one and they differs by a power of 2 e.g. (0,2 and 8,10 differs by 8 which is a power of two) . This procedure is carried for all the records in the second linked list and matching cells are copied to the first linked list, and any incomparable cells are copied to the Vertex linked list. Then the second linked list is deleted. The step 4 is repeated m 1 time where m is the number of inputs, transferring cells between first and second linked lists. The last linked list and the vertex linked list prime implicants are printed in the ABC equivalent using the WMterm procedure. My program architecture can be used to simplify any number of inputs, but practical limitations are in the Number field in the Minterm record which is a word i.e. 16 bits (16 inputs). Bearing in mind as well the simplified expression is contained in a string which is only 255 characters. Some inputs and corresponding outputs to try on the program: Boolean Expression Simplified Boolean Expression F(A,B,C) = S(0,6,7) ABC + AB F(A,B,C) = S(0,4,6,7) BC + AB + AC F(A,B,C,D,E,F) = S(4,5,6,7,36,37,38,39) BCD F(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H) = S(16,17 up to 31,144,145 up to 159) BCD VARIABLE ENTERED METHOD (VEM) The conventional logic minimization is time consuming easy only for 4-5 variables. It becomes difficult to solve using conventional K-map method when number of variables goes on increasing. In that case Variable Entered Method will be good idea to use. It represents values of functions in terms of its variables called map entered variables. A new method for obtaining a compact subsumptive general solution of a system of Boolean equations is presented. The method relies on the use of the variable-entered Karnaugh map (VEKM) to achieve successive elimination through successive map folding. It is superior in efficiency and simplicity to methods employing Marquand diagrams or Conventional Karnaugh maps; it requires the construction of significantly smaller maps and produces such maps in a minimization-ready form. Moreover, the method is applicable to general Boolean equations and is not restricted to the two-valued case. Combinational Sequential Circuits Combinational logic circuits implement Boolean functions. Boolean functions are mappings of input bitstrings to output bitstrings. These circuits are functions of input only. What does that mean? It means that if you feed in an input to a circuit, say, 000, then look at its output, and discover it is, say, 10, then the output will always be 10 for that circuit, if 000 is the input. 000 is mapped to 10. If that value were not the same every single time, then the output must not completely depend on 000. Something else must be affecting the output. Combinational logic circuits always depend on input. Another way to define something that is a function of input is to imagine that you are only allowed to use input variables xk-1,,x0, i.e. data inputs, cm-1,,c0, i.e., control inputs, to write the function. This function can not depend on global variables or other variables. Like combinational logic circuits, a sequential logic circuit has inputs (labelled with x with subscripts) and outputs (labelled with z with subscripts). Unike combinational logic circuits, a sequential logic circuit uses a clock. Also, there is a box inside the circuit called State. This box contains flip flops. Assume it has k flip flops. The flip flops basically store a k-bit number representing the current state. The output z is computed based on the inputs (x with subscripts) and the state coming out of the state box (q with subscripts). The state may be updated at each positive clock edge. When theres not a positive clock edge, the state remains unchanged. The information needed to update to the state (called the next state) comes from the current state (the current value of q) and the input, which is fed through combinational logic, and fed back into the state box, telling the state box how to update itself. A sequential circuit uses flip flops. Unlike combinational logic, sequential circuits have state, which means basically, sequential circuits have memory. The main difference between sequential circuits and combinational circuits is that sequential circuits compute their output based on input and state, and that the state is updated based on a clock. Combinational logic circuits implement Boolean functions, so they are functions only of their inputs, and are not based on clocks. The S-R Latch A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the prefix bi in its name. Typically, one state is referred to as set and the other as reset. The simplest bistable device, therefore, is known as a set-reset, or S-R, latch. To create an S-R latch, we can wire two NOR gates in such a way that the output of one feeds back to the input of another, and vice versa, like this: http://sub.allaboutcircuits.com/images/04173.png The Q and not-Q outputs are supposed to be in opposite states. I say supposed to because making both the S and R inputs equal to 1 results in both Q and not-Q being 0. For this reason, having both S and R equal to 1 is called an invalid or illegal state for the S-R multivibrator. Otherwise, making S=1 and R=0 sets the multivibrator so that Q=1 and not-Q=0. Conversely, making R=1 and S=0 resets the multivibrator in the opposite state. When S and R are both equal to 0, the multivibrators outputs latch in their prior states. The Clocked D-Latch Since the enable input on a gated S-R latch provides a way to latch the Q and not-Q outputs without regard to the status of S or R, we can eliminate one of those inputs to create a multivibrator latch circuit with no illegal input states. Such a circuit is called a D latch, and its internal logic looks like this: http://sub.allaboutcircuits.com/images/04181.png Note that the R input has been replaced with the complement (inversion) of the old S input, and the S input has been renamed to D. As with the gated S-R latch, the D latch will not respond to a signal input if the enable input is 0 it simply stays latched in its last state. When the enable input is 1, however, the Q output follows the D input. Since the R input of the S-R circuitry has been done away with, this latch has no invalid or illegal state. Q and not-Q are always opposite of one another. Master-Slave Flip-Flops A master-slave flip-flop is constructed from two seperate flip-flops. One circuit serves as a master and the other as a slave. The logic diagram of an SR flip-flop is shown in figure below. The master flip-flop is enabled on the positive edge of the clock pulse CP and the slave flip-flop is disabled by the inverter. The information at the external R and S inputs is transmitted to the master flip-flop. When the pulse returns to 0, the master flip-flop is disabled and the slave flip-flop is enabled. The slave flip-flop then goes to the same state as the master flip-flop. http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig9.gif Logic diagram of a master-slave flip-flop The timing relationship is shown in Figure below and is assumed that the flip-flop is in the clear state prior to the occurrence of the clock pulse. The output state of the master-slave flip-flop occurs on the negative transition of the clock pulse. Some master-slave flip-flops change output state on the positive transition of the clock pulse by having an additional inverter between the CP terminal and the input of the master. http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig10.gif Timing relationship in a master slave flip-flop Edge Triggered Devices Another type of flip-flop that synchronizes the state changes during a clock pulse transition is the edge-triggered flip-flop. When the clock pulse input exceeds a specific threshold level, the inputs are locked out and the flip-flop is not affected by further changes in the inputs until the clock pulse returns to 0 and another pulse occurs. Some edge-triggered flip-flops cause a transition on the positive edge of the clock pulse (positive-edge-triggered), and others on the negative edge of the pulse (negative-edge-triggered). The logic diagram of a D-type positive-edge-triggered flip-flop is shown in figure below: http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig11.gif D-type positive-edge triggered flip-flop When using different types of flip-flops in the same circuit, one must ensure that all flip-flop outputs make their transitions at the same time, ie., during either the negative edge or the positive edge of the clock pulse.

Aenied Essay -- essays papers

Aenied Many argue that throughout Aenied, Virgil develops Aeneas to be a boring and unheroic character; always acting as he should with apparently no power to act in any other way. Occasionally sidetracked, Aeneas is prodded and redirected by the gods toward his destiny. Aeneas’ mother, Venus, constantly interjects to lead Aeneas toward his fate. It is she who leads him away from the fallen city of Troy â€Å" I had twice-ten ships, and my goddess-mother showed me the way.†(I, 541-542) Mercury also sets Aeneas straight from his deviating course by telling him to leave his love Dido â€Å"What are you pondering or hoping for while squandering your ease in Libyan lands.† (IV, 362-363) Mercury criticizes Aeneas for ignoring the importance of his empire, and again Aeneas obeys. It is further argued that Aeneas’ makes no significant effort to advance his empire’s fate. He is â€Å"handed† all that is needed such as immortal vessels as well as weap ons and armor provided by Vulcan and other gods. At first glance this would seemingly prove that Aeneas is in fact a boring character. Upon deeper investigation of the text the true value of Aeneas’ character can be revealed. Not all of what Aeneas does is driven by the gods. There is in fact a humanistic aspect of Aeneas creating physical and emotional strife which he must endure by himself â€Å"I sing of arms and of a man: his fate had made him fugitive.† Virgil is quick to show that Aeneas is but a mortal man with human qualities. It is these human aspects of Aeneas: his leadership, his emotional strengths, and his heroism that make him a crucial and interesting character in the Aeneid. Leadership is one of the first humanistic qualities that Aeneas is given to create a sense of... ... of a boring character. When it is argued that Aeneas was just â€Å"handed† everything by the gods, the fact that not all of the gods were in support of him is often overlooked. Although many gods steer Aeneas toward his destiny, Virgil adds complexity to his character by introducing gods who wish not to see Aeneas succeed along with a slew of obstacles. He does this in order to spark the reader’s interest in his hero's successes, which may not necessarily be set in stone. The dangers that Aeneas and his crew face are real, even if it is know that he will survive them. There is in fact a humanistic aspect of Aeneas that is revealed by creating physical and emotional strife, which he must endure by himself. It is these human aspects of Aeneas: his leadership, his emotional strengths, and his heroism that make him a crucial and interesting character in the Aeneid.

Residential Schools Essay -- Canadian Education, Canadian Government

Case Study: Residential Schools Examining the residential school system in Canada between the 1870s and 1996 exposes numerous human rights and civil liberties violations of individuals by the government. This case study involves both de jure discrimination and de facto discrimination experienced by Aboriginals based on their culture. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifically protects Aboriginal rights under section 25 and section 15 declares that, â€Å"Every individual is equal before and under the law† (Sharpe & Roach, 2009, p. 307). Human rights and civil liberties of Aboriginal children and parents were ignored and violated by residential schools which were fuelled by government policy, agendas of church organizations, and a public desire to assimilate the native population into Canadian society. Government Policy Assimilating the aboriginal population into Canadian society was seen as the best solution to eliminating the costs associated with this segment of society receiving funds for being wards of the state. Once the process of shaping students into ideal citizens has been completed, they would be granted full citizenship and automatically enfranchises them. The removal treaty rights and tribe affiliation would mean that the federal government is no longer faced with the financial burden associated with caring for these peoples (Akhtar, 2010, p. 113). Since children have the potential to easily adapt to situations, they are perfect candidates for socialization programs which ease them into society. When the policy of aggressive civilization was supported by the Canadian government, public funding became available for the residential school project which involved stripping aboriginal children of their cultur... ...ess to the issue and recognizing the problems with this policy will help prevent further violations of rights and liberties. Conclusion The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is in place to ensure the citizens of Canada are protected from unreasonable violations by the government. When the assimilation policy was adopted there was no way to determine the far reaching effects that it would have on aboriginal children and their families. Over time societal views change and the policies are directly affected so this kind of human rights violation would be less acceptable. Challenging the status quo can bring about change and bring awareness to a topic that was often overlooked. In a nation which prides it’s self on being a multicultural mosaic, residential schools fuelled by policy, religious organizations and the public should be stricken down permanently.

The leaves IGCSE

Readers will note how Lord Newsworthy relies on his butler to put his hat on and to take the cap off his new lessee. Much of the story humor derives from the dialogue, with even the butler given choice lines. By contrast, the head-gardener Is given a comic Scottish accent (she's paying' me TWA upon' a week'). Students should be encouraged to note dialogue and descriptions they find particularly funny, and explain why. The comic figure of Lord Newsworthy is central to the story.Students should consider the way in which he responds to his son's courtship and eventual marriage to Aggie Donaldson, and what it reveals about snobbery and class. They might examine, too, how Woodlouse portrays Lord Newsworthy comic concern for the well-being of his prize pumpkin and also consider why the latter makes its first appearance about a third of the way through the story. Humor In The Story He gives orders as an Earl but nobody really listens to him. We see this when Freddie acts confused about the girl he was seen kissing, â€Å"Girl?He quavered. Girl, governor? † this brings in the humor as we are shown that the poor Newsworthy is not taken seriously. He keeps asking about the girl but Freddie keeps going around in circles, taking his time to answer Newsworthy. Though, even after Freddie has explained he still asks who the girl is. The bathos was shown in † , †¦ No Earl of Newsworthy had ever won a first prize for pumpkins†¦ † The story was built up with a mysterious picture only to find out that the picture was Just an â€Å"ordinary' pumpkin.The anta climax creates a sort of humor because we're all waiting to hear about the mysterious picture and then we find that Its nothing big Just a pumpkin completion. Lord Newsworthy Characterization Lord Newsworthy Character Is created In many different ways through hat he says, his thoughts, his actions, his appearance and what others think of him. Lord Newsworthy longs to the landed gentry and speaks i n a very posh, British dialect. By using manner of speaking was used in early twentieth century Britain. When Newsworthy is speaking, he uses many exclamation marks.When he is speaking to Freddie, he jumps to the conclusion that the pumpkin had been harmed. â€Å"Frederick! Speak! Tell me! † shows that Newsworthy panics very easily and gets distressed when there is no need by assuming things. We learn a lot about Newsworthy from his inner thoughts too. Elements Of Humor In his story â€Å"The Custody of the Pumpkin,† P. G. Woodlouse creates humor in a variety of ways. The story describes (among other things) Lord Newsworthy frustration that his inner-do-well son, Frederick, has been flirting with the daughter of the estate's gardener.Early in the story, the following passage, which is typical of the story's humor, appears: â€Å"Frederick! † bellowed his lordship. The villain of the piece halted abruptly. Sunk in a roseate trance, he had not observed his father. But such was the sunniest of his mood that even this encounter could not damp him. He gambled happily up. â€Å"Hullo, governor,† said Freddie. He searched in his mind for a pleasant topic of conversation, always a tater of some little difficulty on these occasions. â€Å"Lovely day, what? † His lordship was not to be diverted into a discussion of the weather.He drew a step nearer, looking like the man who smothered the young princes in the Tower. The humor of this passage depends on a number of factors, including the following: Use of the very forceful verb â€Å"bellowed,† especially when that verb is followed by the words â€Å"his lordship. † We don't usually think of dignified English aristocrats as bellowing, and so this combination of words is funny partly because of the comic incongruity of the verb and the noun. The phrase would be far less amusing if it had been written â€Å"bellowed Newsworthy† or even â€Å"bellowed the lord. The wor ds â€Å"his lordship† are especially cultivated and thus seem out of place when following â€Å"bellowed. † The description of Frederic as the Milan of the piece† is also amusing. Frederick is not evil or dangerous or malign. Thus Woodlouse uses comic exaggeration here and elsewhere. There is a comic contrast between the angry Newsworthy and the love-smitten Freddie, who is still â€Å"[slunk in a roseate trance. † As the phrase Just quoted illustrates, the humor of the story dependence in part on mimic overstatement.It would not be nearly so amusing if Woodlouse had written that Freddie was â€Å"still thinking of his beloved. † The phrase â€Å"roseate trance† is a splendid example of ostentatious hyperbole. Use of comic verbs, as in â€Å"gambled,† which implies a light-heartiness totally in contrast to the mood of Lord Newsworthy. Use of comic slang, as when the son of an English aristocrat speaks to his father as if he were a coc kney (â€Å"Hullo, governor†). Such speech, designed to diminish his father's anger, is only likely to increase it, thus providing an example of comic irony.Finally, nee more aspect of the humor of this passage deserves attention: the use of a comic simile, when Newsworthy is described as looking â€Å"like the man who smothered the young princes in the Tower. † This phrase is humorous for several reasons: it is exaggerated; it is vivid; it catches us by surprise; and it is highly inventive. (Imagine anger. â€Å") Woodlouse, then, uses a variety of standard techniques for achieving humor, most of which depend, in one way or another, on incongruity. The contrast between â€Å"Frederick† and â€Å"Freddie† is Just one of many examples of the incongruous in this passage and in the story as a whole.